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fact-minute

Grades 1–5 · printable + timed

9s Multiplication Timed Test

Print it with the answer key on page 2, or run the timer here.

Operation
Fact range
Problems
Time limit

Multiplication · 9s · 20 problems · 1 minute NameDateScore
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
Answer key · Multiplication · 9s · 20 problems NameDate
  1. 1 10 × 9 90
  2. 2 9 × 7 63
  3. 3 4 × 9 36
  4. 4 8 × 9 72
  5. 5 9 × 2 18
  6. 6 9 × 9 81
  7. 7 11 × 9 99
  8. 8 2 × 9 18
  9. 9 9 × 9 81
  10. 10 9 × 11 99
  11. 11 9 × 10 90
  12. 12 0 × 9 0
  13. 13 9 × 9 81
  14. 14 4 × 9 36
  15. 15 6 × 9 54
  16. 16 11 × 9 99
  17. 17 0 × 9 0
  18. 18 3 × 9 27
  19. 19 4 × 9 36
  20. 20 5 × 9 45
0 correct of 20

Correct 0 Wrong 0 Blank 20

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Elapsed 0s Left 60s

A timed sheet on 9s

The 9 times table, 9 × 0 through 9 × 12. Every problem on the sheet is drawn from that set and nothing outside it.

Choose 20, 50 or 100 problems and a limit of 1, 2 or 5 minutes, then print the sheet with its answer key on page two, or start the timer and type into the same grid. The problems are drawn again every time the page loads, so a second sheet is not a copy of the first. How the counts and limits work is on its own page, along with what a timed test does and does not measure.

Thirteen rows, with the answers

9s Multiplication: all thirteen facts and their answers.
Problem Answer
9 × 0 0
9 × 1 9
9 × 2 18
9 × 3 27
9 × 4 36
9 × 5 45
9 × 6 54
9 × 7 63
9 × 8 72
9 × 9 81
9 × 10 90
9 × 11 99
9 × 12 108

Where 9s goes wrong

Add the digits of any 9s answer and you always get 9 — 18, 27, 36, 45, 54. The finger trick works for the same reason: 9 × n is 10n − n, so the tens digit drops one below n and the ones digit picks up exactly that much. If the digits do not sum to 9 there is nothing to recheck; the answer is simply wrong.

Three that come up

Why do the digits of every 9s answer add to 9?
Because 9 × n equals 10n − n. The tens digit drops by one from n and the ones digit picks up the difference, so the two always sum to 9.
Does the finger trick for the 9 times table actually work?
Yes, and it works for the same reason. Folding the nth finger leaves n − 1 fingers on the left and 10 − n on the right.
Is 9 × 12 part of the 9 times table?
Yes in a 0-12 set, and the digit rule still holds: 108 gives 1 + 0 + 8 = 9.

What the standards and the critics actually say

Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (PDF), page 23 — 3.OA.C.7 “By the end of Grade 3, know from memory all products of two one-digit numbers.” thecorestandards.org — CCSSI_Math Standards.pdf

NCTM — Procedural Fluency in Mathematics (position statement) “Timed tests do not assess fluency and can negatively affect students, and thus should be avoided.” nctm.org — Procedural Fluency in Mathematics

youcubed — Fluency Without Fear “For about one third of students the onset of timed testing is the beginning of math anxiety.” youcubed.org — Fluency Without Fear